Pollution plays a significant role in endangering aquatic biodiversity, threatening the delicate balance of ecosystems that support marine and freshwater life. Water bodies, which have long been a crucial habitat for countless species, are now under constant assault from human activities. Pollutants such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, plastic debris, and chemicals infiltrate rivers, lakes, and oceans, causing irreparable damage to aquatic habitats. The influx of these harmful substances disrupts the natural environment, leading to a reduction in the quality of water and the health of organisms living within it. Many species are directly affected by the toxicity of pollutants, which can cause diseases, reproductive issues, and even death. For example, heavy metals like mercury and lead accumulate in the bodies of aquatic animals, poisoning them over time and causing long-term health problems. Additionally, excess nutrients from fertilizers, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, lead to eutrophication, which depletes oxygen levels in water and creates dead zones where few organisms can survive. The accumulation of plastic waste further exacerbates the situation, with microplastics now found in the bodies of various marine species. These tiny particles, often ingested by aquatic creatures, can clog digestive systems and interfere with their ability to absorb nutrients, ultimately leading to malnutrition and death. Chemical pollution from pesticides and herbicides also threatens the health of aquatic life, as these substances often enter the water through runoff, contaminating entire ecosystems. Not only do these chemicals affect individual species, but they also disrupt the complex food webs that sustain entire aquatic environments. Invasive species, often introduced by human activities, further complicate the issue, as they can outcompete native species, leading to a loss of biodiversity. The combination of pollution and invasive species poses a double threat to the survival of aquatic ecosystems, causing irreparable harm to both species richness and ecosystem function.